现代瑜伽之父 1888-1989，享年101岁。

克里希那玛查雅(T.Krishnamacharya)上师， 这位影响了世界各国瑜伽流派的先哲大师，于1989年辞世，享年102岁，被全球瑜伽人尊誉为'现代瑜伽之父'，其门下晌誉全球的着名瑜伽人物包括Pattabhi Jois（阿斯汤伽瑜伽创始人）、B.K.S. Iyengar（艾扬格瑜伽创始人）、Indra Devi（传统哈他瑜伽，瑜伽第一女士，首位将瑜伽带到世界舞台之人）、T.K.V Desikachar（大师的儿子，维尼瑜伽创始人）。

Krishnamacharya大师的瑜伽旅程 

1.1888年出生，当时的瑜伽环境与现在截然不同，在英国殖民统治下，Hatha瑜伽已经奄奄一息，只遗留一小群练习者。 

2.Krishnamacharya的父亲在他五岁时初次教他瑜伽，并告诉他，他们的祖先是一位德高望重的瑜伽士。父亲在Krishnamacharya生命里种下了对瑜伽知识和研究的渴望。

3. Krishnamacharya自述在16岁时，他在一次朝圣的过程当中遭遇自己的瑜伽士祖先, 持续几个小时唱诵yogarahasys(梵语，瑜伽的真言)，krishnamacharya默记下来并一一听写。在此之后，krishnamacharya广泛涉猎印度古典学科，获得哲学，逻辑学，音乐等学位，并在书籍阅读和与瑜伽士谈话中学习及练习瑜伽基础。

4.一位大学老师看到Krishnamacharya练习瑜伽，推荐他从师当时的一位隐居于一个遥远洞穴的hatha瑜伽大师。Krishnamacharya跟随这位大师学习了7年时间，记忆yoga Sutra,学习体式，呼吸，研习瑜伽的理疗作用。他自述，在那其间，学习了3000个体式，并掌握了一些惊人的技能，比如暂停脉搏跳动。作为交换，他的上师要求他回到家乡传播瑜伽并建立自己的家庭。

5.虽然Krishnamacharya的教育背景能使他胜任众多高校职位，但他毅然选择履行上师的临别叮嘱。但当时瑜伽教学并不赢利，这一选择使他陷入贫穷的困境，学员人数很少，Krishnamacharya被迫接受一份种植咖啡的工作，但在休息期间，游走各个省进行讲学及展示。他意识到，要人们认识并学习瑜伽，他首先要获得关注。因此他通过暂停脉搏跳动、徒手拦车、举重物等高难体式来吸引大众目光。

6.1931年，他接受了在麦索Sanskrit College教学的邀请，收入改善并有机会全职教授瑜伽。麦索的王公珍视本土艺术并提倡复兴印度文化。在接下来的20年，王公支持Krishnamacharya在整个印度推广瑜伽，资助展示及宣传。虽然Krishnamacharya在Sanskrit College的任职没能持续很久，但王公给予了Krishnamacharya一个体育场来传授瑜伽。 

7.学校建立后，便开起了Krishnamacharya最昌盛繁荣的时期，在这期间，他发展并创立了Astanga vinyasa瑜伽。因他的学员多数为精力旺盛的年轻人，他运用瑜伽，体育，印度摔跤等学科来加强活力。

8.1947年，Krishnamacharya瑜伽学校入学率骤降（据乔尹斯所说，当时只剩下3名学员）。政府资助停止，当时印度独立，王公被替换，新上台的政客对瑜伽不感兴趣。Krishnamacharya努力维持，但1950年，学校关闭。Krishnamacharya面临困境，需从头开始。

9.就业困难，Krishnamacharya最后离开迈索尔，前往Chennai的Vivekananda College教学。新学员慢慢地出现，来自各行各业，健康状况各异，Krishnamacharya需要采用新的教学方法。当体质较差的学员，包括一些身体有残疾的人到来时，Krishnamacharya专注于调整体式，因材施教。这种教学方法，如今被称为维尼瑜伽。 通过发展及精细各种不同的方法，他让数以百万人能享用瑜伽。 这也是他生命最后阶段灿烂的一笔。 

Krishnamacharya的“四大门徒”

2009年去世，享年95岁。

1. 帕塔比.乔伊斯（Pattabhi Jois） 阿斯汤加瑜伽 

Krishnamacharya在30年代发展了这一体系，但接近40年的时间里，西方几乎对阿斯汤加一无所知。但如今这已经成为最受欢迎的瑜伽风格之一，很大程度上是因为他最忠诚及出名的学生---帕塔比.乔伊斯。 

帕塔比.乔伊斯跟随上师长达25年，时间仅次于上师的儿子Desikachar，严格传承了K教授的来源于《瑜珈合集》（《Yoga Korunta》的阿斯汤嘎瑜珈（Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga）。 

阿斯汤嘎瑜珈以严谨的科学性着称，对于体力要求较高，有其固定的顺序，不能随意改变和创新，练习中将串联体式（Vinyasa）、喉呼吸（Ujjayi Breath）、凝视（Drishti）、收束（Bandhas）四大要点结合成一个整体。练习者必须掌握好了前面的体式序列，才能得到老师的允许后继续其后的序列练习。 

2002年去世，享年102岁

2. 英德拉.黛维（Indra Devi）传统哈他 

因为是女性，并且是一位西方人，Krishnamacharya拒绝收她为徒，在勉强收下后也多次刁难考验她，但她的执着与聪明最终使师徒俩变成好朋友，而她也成为他的一个模范弟子，她也是第一位把他的瑜伽带到世界舞台的人。 

Krishnamacharya对Devi的教学在乔伊斯之后，教学方式相对温和，适应Devi的身体状况却又挑战她的身体极限。Devi也传承了Krishnamacharya这一稍温和的教学风格，虽然不是阿斯汤嘎，但她依然沿用Krishnamacharya的序列原则，并且结合呼吸与体式，在她这一分支里的学员都会使用指定的呼吸技巧完成瑜伽体式。 

从Krishnamacharya的教学中得到感悟，Devi最后出版了第一本关于哈他瑜伽的畅销书 Forever Young, Forever Healthy。在她跟随Krishnamacharya学习期间，Devi在中国上海设立了第一家瑜伽学校，蒋介石夫人成了了她的学生。 她说服苏联使之相信瑜伽不是宗教，甚至在苏联打开了瑜伽的大门，这在当时的苏联是违法的。1974年她搬去美国，住在好莱呜，吸引了大批明星学员比如说Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Arden, Greta Garbo, Glora Swanson, 被誉为“瑜伽第一女士”。正是因为Devi, Krishnamacharya瑜伽第一次成为国际潮流。 

2016 年8月8日因脑部意外逝世，享年78岁

3. 维尼瑜伽-德斯卡查尔（TKV Desikachar） 

Desikachar原是一名出色的工程师，虽然出生于瑜伽家庭，但无心瑜伽，曾经被父亲强制性绑手绑脚保持在莲花式，但也还是提不起兴趣。但在大学毕业并获得一份很好的工作邀请后，他意外看到一位失眠女士在父亲的帮助下，20年来第一次不失眠，所表露出来的快乐与幸福让Desikachar决心放弃专业与工作，投入瑜伽中。Desikachar 跟随父亲每天学习瑜伽28年，是哈他瑜伽在近几十年复兴昌盛的一个主导力量，是维尼瑜伽的继承者。 

维尼瑜伽是根据不同的年龄性别，生理，心理健康，文化，信仰，哲学和职业等，综合利用修正的体式，呼吸控制，冥想和吟诵的方法，帮助学员迈向自我探索和个人转化之路。 

2011年去世，享年96岁。

4.艾扬格瑜伽 （B.K.S Iyengar ） 

Krishnamacharya的太太是Iyengar的姐姐。 

和Krishnamacharya一样，Iyengar不曾停止创新，他放弃他老师的串联动作形式的练习。取而代之的是他继续深入研究内在的与自然的结合，思考体位法对身体每一部分的影响，甚至包含皮肤，发展每一个体位法。很难想象若瑜伽无Iyengar的贡献变成如何，尤其是在对每一个体位法的精准细节的解释和系统的链接，他的研究进入到治疗的应用，其多阶层及精确严格的训练系统深深的影响后进的瑜伽老师。 

1.学校简介

今天的维尼瑜伽总部在印度金奈，学院由克里希那玛查雅(T.Krishnamacharya)上师的儿媳与孙子Kausthub Desikachar （卡萨博•德斯卡查尔）在亲自经营管理，学院出了疗愈师认证班外，还有其它课程。

钦奈最着名的瑜伽学院之一Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram（KYM）。KYM于1976年由TKV Desikachar成立，作为一个非盈利的公益慈善信托基金，是印度瑜伽和瑜伽治疗的主要中心。KYM被Morarji Desai国家瑜伽研究所（MDNIY）认可为印度领先地位的瑜伽学院之一。KYM还获得印度政府科学和工业研究部颁发的SIRO（科学和工业研究组织）表彰。此外，KYM还获得泰米尔纳德邦政府the Health and Family Welfare 部门的认可。KYM也是少数拥有ISO 9001：2015认证的瑜伽中心之一。无论是普通健康，瑜伽疗法还是瑜伽教师培训计划，或吠陀诵经，KYM都以其全面的健康提升方法而闻名。 KYM有三个学院分别在Chennai的Mandaveli，Besant Nagar和Kilpauk。

2.课程介绍

Yoga Therapy

Customised Yoga therapy interventions for adults and children is the hallmark of the Krishnamacharya Tradition. In KYM’s approach the multiple tools of yoga are adapted to suit individual needs and capabilities, making the KYM one of the most renowned centres for yoga therapy in the world. The collective experience of KYM’s yoga therapists, many of whom have been trained by TKV Desikachar over four decades is well documented with care seekers’ record numbering nearly a 1,00,000. Yoga therapy interventions are only offered one-on-one, following the unique teaching style of TKV Desikachar. Our yoga therapists design a personal practice for each care seeker integrating multiple tools of yoga and also including specific diet and lifestyle modifications. KYM’s expertise includes musculo-skeletal issues, cardiac issues, metabolic issues, cognitive and psychological disorders, geriatric issues, auto-immune conditions, digestive disorders, depression and anxiety, neurological conditions, women’s issues and more.

Yoga Programme For Home-Makers & Children

Yoga For Home-Makers

Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram offers group Yoga programmes focusing on overall fitness and wellbeing, specifically for home-makers. Classes are held from 10 AM to 10:50 AM, Monday through Friday, with the weekend off, at the Mandaveli centre, as well as the KYM annexes at Besant Nagar and Kilpauk. New batches commence on the first Monday of every month. The focus of these group practices is to give students the opportunity to practice carefully structured asana and pranayama sequences under the guidance of a teacher, to encourage the inclusion of yoga as a daily practice routine.

Those who wish to enrol for these classes, are required to first undergo a preliminary fitness assessment done by one of the KYM’s therapy consultants to assess the students, health status, flexibility, strength and stamina. Classes are offered both at KYM’s Mandaveli premises and at the annexe at Besant Nagar. Registrations are on a first-come-first-served basis at the start of every month. Those who have any specific health issues are requested to take one-on-one lessons.

Yoga For Children

The KYM has been offering yoga classes for children since the early eighties and the institute continues this tradition, in keeping with T Krishnamacharya’s emphatic view that children must be introduced to the practice of yoga, when young, to ensure their holistic physical, physiological, psychological, emotional and spiritual growth.

Group asana classes are offered in three batches every Saturday as follows.

Beginners | 3 PM to 3:50 PM

Intermediate | 4 PM to 4:50 PM

Advanced | 5 PM to 5:50 PM

The classes follow the siksana karma style of teaching advocated by Sri T Krishnamacharya, with children learning over a hundred asana-s across a period of 8 months, both independently and though structured vinyasa sequences. Classes commence in Mid June of every year and continue till early February of the next year. A two-week summer camp on yoga and chanting is also offered each year.

Yoga Programme For General Fitness

Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram offers group yoga classes for general fitness. New batches commence on the first Monday of every month. Classes are held Monday through Friday, with the weekends off, through the month. The morning batch is from 6 AM to 6.50 AM and the evening batch from 6 PM to 6.50 PM. The focus of these group practices is to give students the opportunity to practice carefully structured asana and pranayama sequences under the guidance of a teacher, to encourage the inclusion of yoga as a daily practice routine.

Those who wish to enroll for these classes, are required to first undergo a preliminary fitness assessment done by one of the KYM’s therapy consultants to assess the students, health status, flexibility, strength and stamina. Classes are offered at KYM’s Mandaveli premises and at our annexes at Besant Nagar and Kilpauk. Registrations are on a first-come-first-served basis at the start of every month.

International Yoga Teacher Training Programme 2018-19

The KYM International Yoga Teacher Training Program (IYTTP) is a 560+ hours intensive that provides students with an in-depth training in yoga. It equips participants with the skills needed to teach yoga to individuals and groups for non- therapeutic (general fitness) reasons. This training programme covers principles, techniques and practice of asana, pranayama and meditation and key aspects of yoga philosophy.

International Healing Chants Teacher Training Programme 2018-19

Today, the ancient tradition of Vedic and Sloka chanting is gaining recognition all over the world, not just because they collectively represent the fount of ancient Indian wisdom, but also because the practice of chanting has multiple benefits such as enhancing health, improving memory and promoting healing.

While chanting has been an integral part of KYM’s work for over 40 years, there is a need today to introduce this tradition as a formalized study and practice of an ancient Indian art. This two year Teacher Training Programme in healing chants is offered with the aim of training participants to become professional teachers of healing chants.

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